Hawks in Virginia: A Visual Guide

2 min read 31-12-2024

Virginia, with its diverse habitats ranging from coastal marshes to Appalachian mountains, is home to a variety of hawk species. Identifying these raptors can be challenging, even for experienced birdwatchers, due to subtle differences in plumage and size. This visual guide aims to simplify the process, providing key characteristics to help you distinguish some of the most common hawks found across the Commonwealth.

Key Identification Features

Before diving into specific species, it's crucial to understand the key features that aid in hawk identification. These include:

Size and Shape: Note the overall size compared to familiar birds. Pay close attention to the shape of the wings (broad, long, pointed) and tail (long, short, squared).
Plumage: Observe the color and pattern of the feathers on the back, breast, and head. Look for markings such as bands, streaks, or patches. Remember that plumage can vary depending on age and season.
Flight Pattern: How does the hawk fly? Does it soar effortlessly on thermal currents, or does it engage in rapid flapping? Observe the wingbeats and any distinctive maneuvers.
Habitat: The habitat where you observe the hawk can be a strong indicator of the species. For example, Red-tailed Hawks are frequently seen in open fields, while Sharp-shinned Hawks prefer wooded areas.

Common Virginia Hawks: A Visual Overview

Red-tailed Hawk ( Buteo jamaicensis)

Size: Large hawk, one of the most common.
Plumage: Variable, but typically reddish-brown tail, dark brown wings, and a light-colored breast. Immatures have heavily streaked underparts.
Flight Pattern: Soaring is common, often seen circling high above.
Habitat: Wide range of habitats, including fields, forests, and urban areas.

Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus)

Size: Medium-sized hawk.
Plumage: Striped reddish-brown shoulders, a lighter breast with dark streaks. The tail is often banded.
Flight Pattern: Strong, steady flight with regular wingbeats.
Habitat: Wooded areas, swamps, and riparian habitats.

Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter cooperii)

Size: Medium-sized, sleek body.
Plumage: Dark bluish-gray on the back, reddish-brown on the breast with white streaks.
Flight Pattern: Fast, agile flight with rapid wingbeats, often chasing prey through forests.
Habitat: Forests and woodlands.

Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus)

Size: Smallest of the accipiters.
Plumage: Dark gray on the back, reddish-brown breast with white streaks.
Flight Pattern: Quick, darting flight, often pursuing smaller birds.
Habitat: Forests and woodlands.

Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)

Size: Large accipiter, larger than Cooper's and Sharp-shinned.
Plumage: Dark gray on the back, barred or streaked underparts, and a long tail.
Flight Pattern: Powerful, fast flight.
Habitat: Mature coniferous and mixed forests.

Disclaimer: This guide offers a simplified overview. For accurate identification, consider consulting detailed field guides with comprehensive illustrations and descriptions. Remember to always practice responsible birding, maintaining a safe distance from the birds and their habitats.